Finally got around to catching up on some of my reading. One magazine that I subscribe to is Scientific American. In the March issue they had a couple of articles on the planet earth. One I've included a link for below about superplumes. The other SCIAM didn't include the whole story but it appears that by using the same seismograms that seismologists use, geophysicists have been able to map out the contents of the mantle. Basically to make a long story short, they've been able to determine that the mantle causes the earths crust to rise and fall. They've shown Denver being underwater because of the sinking of the Farralon plate sucking the continent down. Also Africa is currently rising because of mantle pressures and the Indonesian continent is sinking (lots of subduction in that area) with only the highest mountain peaks showing as the current islands. Very interesting article.

Dennis

• superplumes