There isn't easily accessible information that I can refer you to, since the idea was dead by the 1820s and hasn't been discussed since except in the case of the Usenet debate I referred to.

If you want a simple proof, here it is. If earthquakes were due to lightning acting on the earth's surface at a point, the initial wave would be down in all directions out from the epicentre (if the force was initially downwards) or up in all directions (if the force somehow pulled). Neither of these is the case; earthquake wave first motions from any event are down at some recording stations, and up at others, and this pattern is due to the way in which waves originate from a rupturing fault.

There are plenty of other demonstrations: the country with the world's most lightning is Cameroons - not many earthquakes there.

Really, it would be helpful for you to read a little basic seismology.

As for the dice, yes, if you could take measurements of the dice as they fly through the air, you could predict the numbers. The point is that you CAN'T.