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Re: Coso Junction-What do you guys think?
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Posted by Lowell on July 17, 2001 at 22:53:04:
There is nothing particularly odd about this swarm. There is a difference between an aftershock sequence and a swarm of earthquakes - both in causes of the events and in the number and frequency over time. An aftershock sequence is generally due to readjustment of strain after a strong mainshock. The earthquake often tend to avoid the area where the mainshock occurred (that is, they do not occur on the rupture plane), but occur in the region around the mainshock where strain conditions have been changed. The frequency of aftershocks follows the Omori Law which states that there is an exponential decline in events with time after the mainshock. There may be more than one mainshock in which case several Omori sequences can be occurring simultaneously. The mainshock is generally due to rupture along a fault and physical conditions are described by elastic rebound theory. On the other hand, swarms are a whole different ballgame. There are two hypothesized causes for swarms of earthquakes. 1) Magmatic or plutonic activity and 2) generation of a new fault/fault zone. The Coso swarm is probably related to the first of these, although some have argued that new strain conditions in California are beginning to create a San-Andreas-like fault from Southern California up through the Long Valley area, passing through the Coso Junction region. Dr. Susan Hough of the USGS in Pasadena has studied this area extensively and an e-mail to her there might get a good response (although she might be very busy at this time with this swarm). Swarms come and go, there generally is no mainshock and earthquake in swarms are usually less than Ml 5.0. The Omori law does not apply to swarms because they are not caused by strain release and readjustment. Since most earthquakes in California in the past 20 years have occurred in the California-Nevada border region, they are generally related to earthquake swarms, not to ruptures along long fault lines. So, it would seem that most earthquakes in California at this time are swarm-related. Swarms can last from a few hours to several weeks, but seldom longer.
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