It's hard to see how that would mimic anything.

Much of the greenhouse effect comes from absorption (or lack thereof) of the incident ultraviolet light from the sun and infrared radiation from the Earth over tens of kms of atmosphere and within clouds. I'm not sure that a significant amount would be absorbed by the air in the experiment, unless the box were really big.

I'd guess the box would simply heat where the light hit the surfaces, not in the air. So the chemistry of the gas might play little or no role in the result, in stark contrast with Earth, where absorption vs transmission is the primary effect.